Lessons learned from the Yellow-naped Amazon

Yesterday we took part in the Parrot Care Project and Cage xChange event at Omar's Exotic Birds in Santa Monica.

Here's what we shared with the people in attendance about our Yellow-Naped Amazon Parrot Conservation Program:

As an environmental conservation organization dedicated to habitat restoration and community empowerment in Nicaragua, we've been studying the Yellow-Naped Amazon parrot for four years. We're here today to share with you what the Yellow-Naped Amazon has taught us about the needs of parrots everywhere.

One of the reasons we study the Yellow-Naped Amazon Parrot is because a healthy parrot population is an excellent sign of a mature and healthy forest. Forest health is important to Paso Pacifico because we are dedicated to biodiversity conservation from ridge to reef and deforestation is common in the rural areas where we work. The reasons for deforestation are rapid tourism development, road construction, commercial forestry, agricultural expansion, and wildfires. The results of deforestation are less canopy for tree-dwelling species like sloths and spider monkeys, and fewer foraging, roosting, and nesting spots for the Yellow-Naped Amazon parrot.

In fact, one of the first things we learned in studying the Yellow-Napes is that, unfortunately there are so few left in coastal Nicaragua, that it is difficult to come up with a reliable population estimate. This tells us that the work we're doing is important and that the Central American cousins of the parrots you have at home need our help. Two species of parrot who used to live and thrive in the forests of Nicaragua are now locally extinct, the Scarlet Macaw and the Great Green Macaw. We do not want to see the Yellow-Naped Amazon disappear from Central American forests, too.

Ostional school mural by Lezamón

In their native home -- which spans the mountain and coastal forests from southern Mexico into Costa Rica -- Yellow-Napes have taught us just what the parrot vets and nutritionists and behavioralists are talking about today: parrots are intelligent and social birds with complex needs.

We work with wildlife biologists and ornithologists who specialize in parrots, foresters and ecologists who specialize in tropical forestry, graduate students eager to learn more, and citizen scientists who help us monitor birds and gather data in the field.

We have observed Yellow-napes as they travel from the moist forests of Costa Rica during rainy season to the dry forests of Nicaragua during the dry season. Parrots travel from forest to forest as the seasons change to get more fruit. In the rainy season, moist forests are more productive and offer more fruit. In the dry season, dry forests are more productive and offer more fruit. Watching the Yellow-Napes travel from forest to forest to forage for food, we've learned just what Tiffany explained about parrot nutrition: these birds need variety in their diets.

Parrots don't just need healthy areas of forest with fruit-bearing trees; they need forested corridors allowing them to travel from dry forests to moist. In other words, parrots travel a lot. Just as Mira Tweti is trying to emphasize with her Cage Xchange program: parrots need a great deal of room to move.

In order to know where to go to find these fruit-rich forests, parrots need to talk to each other. Parrots require dense forests with trees large enough to support communal roosting. It is during communal roosting that individual parrots and parrot flocks share information with each other about the best locations for finding food. What we've learned from watching Yellow-napes communicating during communal roosting, is just what Tiffany and Hillary have explained: parrots are intelligent and social; they need families; they need to communicate with others.

In addition to requiring both moist and dry forests, healthy forest corridors, a variety of fruit-bearing trees, and communal roosting trees, parrots require specific kinds of trees for nesting. Nesting sites are crucial for threatened birds like the Yellow-Naped Amazon, as we protect existing birds and work to increase the overall population.

Parrots require tall trees for nesting or large, mature trees which form natural cavities, where the parrots like to lay their eggs. Without suitable nesting sites, parrots don't nest, and for a species which has only two eggs per clutch, this is highly problematic in terms of ensuring a healthy population.

Just as this campaign is dedicated to helping you keep your parrots healthy by providing larger homes for your birds, we are helping these endangered parrots rebuild healthy populations by expanding the size of their home through reforestation. In the past five years, we have planted over 500,000 trees, making sure to plant the species of trees parrots prefer for foraging, roosting, and nesting.

In healthy forests, parrots face yet another threat: poachers who can shimmy up the trunks of even the tallest trees to take parrot eggs right from their nests. Poachers usually sell parrot eggs and hatched parrots into the illegal pet trade, which leaves even fewer parrots in the wild. What we have learned from observing Yellow-Napes and the devastating effects of poaching is the importance of adopting parrots from responsible people like Omar, who rescue birds and help them find better homes.

To increase the number of successful parrot nests, we do two things: we build parrot nesting boxes and we incentivize people to find and protect parrot nests.

Parrot nesting boxes are constructed of PVC pipes which are assembled to mimic the natural cavities of tree trunks preferred by parrots. Once assembled, the nest boxes are lined with wood chips and camouflaged with paint, branches, and leaves. We pay former poachers, who have learned about the importance of protecting this threatened species, to shimmy high up into the trees and secure these nest boxes far from predators.

Our incentive program for protecting parrots makes cash awards to people who observe and report a parrot nest, share the nest's location, and promise to help protect the nest from poachers and other predators. Each found nest earns the finder $20, which is almost two week's salary in rural Nicaragua. Once the eggs have hatched, and the young parrots have left the nest for the forest, we pay $40 per Yellow-Naped Amazon fledgling. Direct payments for conservation achieve excellent results, and just this nesting season, we've seen four nests reported and eight fledglings successfully leave their nests. That means more of your pet parrots' distant cousins are living free in the forest.

Slingshot-binocular exchange partners:
Optics for the Tropics

Another way we're helping the Yellow-Naped Amazon make a comeback is by raising awareness through educational events like this. We teach Nicaraguan children about their parrot neighbors and their importance in the world. In rural areas, many children play with slingshots and will shoot the birds out of trees. To tackle this problem, we host slingshot amnesty days, where each kid who turns in a slingshot and signs a pledge to become a friend to parrots receives a brand new pair of binoculars. These kids, who have come to love their parrot neighbors and are learning more about the birds and the forests they call home, would undoubtedly be excited to know there are people here in Santa Monica learning about them and the place where they live.

What we have learned from observing the Yellow-Napes is that expanding the area they call home, ensuring they can gather to communicate, providing access to crucial foraging sites and fruit-bearing trees, and creating a culture of conservation is helping the parrots. We are grateful that you are here to learn how to provide the right habitat and diet for your bird, and to understand how to communicate with your bird. We are thankful to be included at an event like this and pleased to conect with so many other parrot experts and parrot lovers. We hope you will help us as we work to study and save your birds' cousins in Central America.